Surgery 101

By the end of this podcast, the listener will be able to:  Identify key features on history and physical examination suggestive of proximal metacarpal fractures; Create a differential diagnosis for proximal metacarpal fractures; Understand the initial management for a patient with a proximal metacarpal fracture; Be aware of surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of proximal metacarpal fractures; Identify potential complications of proximal metacarpal fractures Be aware of the long-term functional outcomes of proximal metacarpal fractures.

By the end of this podcast, you should be able to:  Identify key features on history and physical examination suggestive of metacarpal fractures; Create a differential diagnosis for metacarpal fractures; Understand the initial management for a patient with a metacarpal fracture; Be aware of surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of metacarpal fractures; Identify potential complications of metacarpal fractures Be aware of the long-term functional outcomes of metacarpal fractures.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe key structures relevant to the management of a nail bed injury;  List key features on history and physical examination suggestive of a nail bed injury; Outline the initial management for a patient with a nail bed injury;  Discuss surgical and non-surgical options for the treatment of nail bed injuries;  Identify and describe potential complications of nail bed injuries.

At the end of this podcast, listeners should be able to: Describe an approach to a patient presenting with a digital amputation;  Describe an approach to classifying digital amputations;  List the indications and contraindications of digital replantation; State the operative sequence of a digital replantation surgery;  Recall the key points related to post-operative care.

By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to: Explain the mechanism of injury that leads to ACL tears Recognize and identify key features in the clinical presentation and physical evaluation of patients with these type of injuries List the methods of diagnosis and treatment for ACL tears

Oral cavity cancers are malignant neoplasms of epithelium or minor salivary glands in the mouth. After listening to this podcast, the listener should be able to: List the signs and symptoms of oral cavity cancer, Recognize the risk factors of oral cavity cancer, Describe the recommended steps to work up a patient with oral cavity cancer and finally, List management and treatment options of oral cavity cancer.

After listening to this episode of Surgery 101, listeners will be able to: Explain the basic anatomy of the eye, including the different layers of the eye. Discuss the pathophysiology of a retinal detachment. Describe the typical clinical presentation of retinal detachments and understand when a referral to ophthalmology is appropriate. List and describe the 3 surgical options used to treat a retinal detachment.

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe a general approach to gun shot wounds (or GSW) in the Trauma Bay or Emergency Department. Explain the difference between low velocity and high velocity guns. Describe the pathophysiology and common patterns of injury in gunshot wounds. Identify medical and surgical management principles for GSW.

After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: Define the term “epidural hematoma” Differentiate epidural hematomas from other intracranial hemorrhages. Review the clinical presentation and diagnostic approach to patients presenting with epidural hematoma List the differential diagnosis of epidural hematoma Recognize complications of epidural hematoma and post-operative complications

After listening to this podcast, you should be able to: Define chronic pancreatitis Identify the main causes and pathophysiology behind chronic pancreatitis Identify the main presenting symptoms of chronic pancreatitis Describe the workup and investigations for chronic pancreatitis Describe the treatment plan for chronic pancreatitis, including surgical and non-surgical options  

After listening to this podcast listeners should be able to: Discuss the impact of a significant medical event on someone’s life Recognize that our actions can have an impact on a patient’s life forever Identify what inclusive medicine is and why it is important Describe the history of inclusive medicine Identify what you can do to create an inclusive profession

After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Describe the basic physiology of skin grafts. List the indications for skin grafting. Explain the differences between STSG and FTSG, as well as their respective advantages/disadvantages. List the complications that can occur from skin grafting. Outline the post-operative care and expected outcomes of a patient with a recent skin graft.

Short Bowel Syndrome (SBS). After listening to this podcast, listeners will be able to: Define and recognize SBS in post-surgical patients Describe the pathophysiology of SBS List prognostic factors for SBS Describe the basis and indications for medical and surgical therapy for SBS.  

The parathyroid glands are important organs implicated in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. Due to their small size, complicated physiology and variable location they proved difficult for early clinicians and scientists to fully understand. Today, disease of the parathyroid glands is a commonly recognized endocrine disorder that is often managed surgically. By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to:  Describe the anatomy and function of parathyroid glands  Discuss common pathophysiology involved in parathyroid disease Outline the management of parathyroid disease List complications of parathyroid surgery 

Obstructive sleep apnea or OSA is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder. Repetitive collapse of the upper airway during sleep causes obstructive apneas, hypopneas, and sleep fragmentation. OSA is distinguished from central sleep apnea which is attributable to an underlying neurological cause. The prevalence of OSA estimated between 1.5-4 percent and is more common in older males. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation as well as surgical evaluation, management, and complications.  By the end of this podcast, listeners will  be able to:  Define obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) Discuss anatomy related to OSA Discuss surgical management options for OSA List complications of surgery for OSA  

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) attempts to restore normal physiologic function of the sinuses via correction of underlying anatomical abnormalities and obstruction. The term functional refers to strategies aimed at preserving the natural drainage pathways of the sinuses. It is important to note that FESS does not cure sinonasal disease but rather facilitates the healing process by improving sinus ventilation and drainage allowing for gradual resolution of mucosal disease. Post-surgical changes also facilitate the delivery of saline and intranasal steroid medications to the paranasal sinus cavities. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation and treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with a specific emphasis on functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) Learning Objectives Describe the anatomy and function of the paranasal sinuses Define functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) Define chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) List the complications of fun

Hoarseness is a common complaint in primary care. It denotes a dysphonia originating from the vocal cords of the larynx. It describes any change in voice quality. It is important to remember it is a symptom of underlying pathology and not a diagnosis. In this episode, we will discuss the relevant anatomy, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of common causes of hoarseness. By the end of this podcast, listeners will be able to: Define hoarseness Explain common etiologies contributing to hoarseness List the treatment options for the common causes of hoarseness 

This is the 4th episode in a 4-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery.  This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. Yesterday, we discussed the delivery of twins and in this episode, we’ll look at the management of umbilical cord prolapse. After listening to this episode, listeners will be able to: List the risk factors for umbilical cord prolapse. Describe the signs of cord prolapse that should alert suspicion for the diagnosis. Outline a management plan for cord prolapse.

This is the 3rd episode of a four-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery. This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. The previous episodes discussed operative vagina delivery and the management of breech deliveries. This episode discusses the delivery of twins and the complications associated with them. After listening to this episode, you will be able to: 1. Identify the types of twinning based on chorionicity and amnionicity. 2. List the predisposing factors for a twin or multiple gestation pregnancy and associated risks for the mother and fetuses. 3. Outline a prenatal management plan for a twin pregnancy. 4. List the different types of presentations at the time of vaginal delivery. 5. Outline the specific considerations required at the time of labor and delivery of twins.

This is the 2nd episode in a 4-part series covering complications at the time of vaginal delivery.  This episode is brought to you by Leah Rusnell a fourth-year medical student at the University of Saskatchewan in Regina. Yesterday, we discussed operative vagina delivery and in this episode, we'll look at the management of breech deliveries. After listening to this episode, learners will be able to: Define the types of breech presentation. List the risk factors for breech presentation. Outline the timing, indications, contraindications, and technique required to perform an external cephalic version. Describe the controversy surrounding vaginal delivery of a breech baby. List the contraindications to planned vaginal breech delivery. List the requirements that must be met during the breech labor and delivery process.